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SECTION I. GRAMMAR
Unit 10. PASSIVE VOICE (ПАСИВНИЙ СТАН)
Час Tense Вид Aspect |
Теперішній Present |
Минулий Past |
Майбутній Future |
Indefinite (Simple) |
am is + 3 are |
was + 3 were |
shall + be + 3 will |
am is + asked are |
was + asked were |
shall + be asked will |
|
Continuous (Progressive) |
am is + being + 3 are |
was + being + 3 were |
shall + be -ing will |
am is + being asked are |
was asked + being were |
shall + be asking will |
|
Perfect |
have been + 3 has been |
had been + 3 |
shall + have been 3 will |
have been + asked has been |
had been asked |
shall + have been asked will |
Нa прикладі дієслова ask (запитати).
1) Неозначений вид, стверджувальні речення (Simple aspect, affirmative sentences).
Однина |
Особа |
Теперішній |
Минулий |
Майбутній |
Singular |
Person |
Present Simple |
Past Simple |
Future Simple |
I |
I am asked |
I was asked |
I shall/will be asked |
|
Yon |
You are asked |
You were asked |
You will be asked |
|
He |
He is asked |
He was asked |
He will be asked |
|
She |
She is asked |
She was asked |
She was asked |
|
It |
It is asked |
It was asked |
It was asked |
|
Множина |
We |
We are asked |
We were asked |
We will be asked |
Plural |
Yon |
You are asked |
You were asked |
You will be asked |
They |
They are asked |
They were asked |
They will be asked |
2) Неозначений вид, заперечувальні речення (Simple aspect, negative sentences).
Однина Singular |
Особа Person |
Теперішній Present Simple |
Минулий Past Simple |
Майбутній Future Simple |
I |
lam not asked |
I was not asked |
I shall/will not be asked |
|
You |
You are not asked |
You were not asked |
You will not be asked |
|
He |
He is not asked |
He was not asked |
He will not be asked |
|
She |
She is not asked |
She was not asked |
She was not asked |
|
It |
It is not asked |
It was not asked |
It was not asked |
|
Множина |
We |
We are not asked |
We were not asked |
We will not be asked |
Plural |
You |
You are not asked |
You were not asked |
You will not be asked |
They |
They are not asked |
They were not asked |
They will not be asked |
3) Неозначений вид, питальні речення (Simple aspect, interrogative sentences).
Однина |
Особа |
Теперішній |
Минулий |
Майбутній |
Singular |
Person |
Present Simple |
Past Simple |
Future Simple |
I |
Am I asked? |
Was I asked? |
Shall I be asked? |
|
You |
Are you asked? |
Were you asked? |
Will you be asked? |
|
He |
Is he asked? |
Was he asked? |
Will he be asked? |
|
She |
Is she asked? |
Was she asked? |
Will she be asked? |
|
It |
Is it asked? |
Was it asked? |
Will it be asked? |
|
Plural |
We |
Are we asked? |
Were we asked? |
Will we be asked? |
(множина) |
You |
Are you asked? |
Were you asked? |
Will you be asked? |
They |
Are they asked? |
Were they asked? |
Will they be asked? |
4) Подовжений вид стверджувальні речення (Continuous aspect, affirmative sentences).
Однина |
Особа |
Теперішній подовжений |
Минулий подовжений |
Singular |
Person |
Present Continuous |
Past Continuous |
I |
lam being asked |
I was being asked |
|
You |
You are being asked |
You were being asked |
|
He |
He is being asked |
He was being asked |
|
She |
She is being asked |
She was being asked |
|
It |
It is being asked |
It was being asked |
|
Plural |
We |
We are being asked |
We were being asked |
(множина) |
You |
You are being asked |
You were being asked |
They |
They are being asked |
They were being asked |
5) Подовжений вид, заперечували! і речення (Continuous aspect, negative sentences).
Однина |
Особа |
Теперішній подовжений |
Минулий подовжений |
Singular |
Person |
Present Continuous |
Past Continuous |
I |
lam not being asked |
I was not being asked |
|
You |
You are not being asked |
You were not being asked |
|
He |
He is not being asked |
He was not being asked |
|
She |
She is not being asked |
She was not being asked |
|
It |
It is not being asked |
It was not being asked |
|
Множина |
He |
We are not being asked |
We were not being asked |
Plural |
You |
You are not being asked |
You were not being asked |
They |
They are not being asked |
They were not being asked |
6) Подовжений вид, питальні речення (Continuous aspect, interrogative sentences).
Однина |
Особа Person |
Теперішній подовжений |
Минулий подовжений |
Singular |
Present Continuous |
Past Continuous |
|
I |
Am I being asked? |
Was I being asked? |
|
You |
Are you being asked? |
Were you being asked? |
|
He |
Is he being asked? |
Was he being asked? |
|
She |
Is she being asked? |
Was she being asked? |
|
It |
Is it being asked? |
Was it being asked? |
|
Plural |
We |
Are we being asked? |
Were we being asked? |
(множина) |
You |
Are you being asked? |
Were you being asked? |
They |
Are they being asked? |
Were they being asked? |
7) Перфектний вид, стверджувальні речення (Perfect aspect, affirmative sentences).
Однина Singular |
Особа Person |
Теперішній перфектний Present Perfect |
Минулий перфектний Past Perfect |
Майбутній перфектний Future Perfect |
I |
I have been asked |
I had been asked |
I shall/will have been asked |
|
You |
You |
You had been asked |
You will have been asked |
|
He |
He has been asked |
He had been asked |
He will have been asked |
|
She |
She has been asked |
She had been asked |
She will have been asked |
|
It |
It has been asked |
It had been asked |
It will have been asked |
|
Plural |
We |
We have been asked |
We had been asked |
We shall/will have been asked |
(множина) |
You |
You have been asked |
You had been asked |
You will have been asked |
They |
They have been asked |
They had been asked |
They will have been asked |
8) Перфектний вид, заперечували» речення (Perfect aspect, negative sentences).
Однина Singular |
Особа Person |
Теперішній нерфектний Present Perfect |
Минулий перфектний Past Perfect |
Майбутній перфектний Future Perfect |
I |
I have not been asked |
I had not been asked |
I shall/will not have been asked |
|
You |
You have not been asked |
You had not been asked |
You will not have been asked |
|
lie |
He has not been asked |
He had not been asked |
He will not have been asked |
|
She |
She has not been asked |
She had not been asked |
She will not have been asked |
|
It |
It has not been asked |
It had not been asked |
It will not have been asked |
|
Множина Plural |
We |
We have not been asked |
We had not been asked |
We shall/will not have been asked |
You |
You have not been asked |
You had not been asked |
You will not have been asked |
|
They |
They have not been asked |
They had not been asked |
They will not have been asked |
9) Перфектний вид, питальні речення (Perfect aspect, interrogative sentences).
Однина Singular |
Особа Person |
Теперішній перфектний Present Perfect |
Минулий перфектний Past Perfect |
Майбутній перфектний Future Perfect |
I |
Have I been asked? |
Had I been asked? |
Shall I have been asked? |
|
You |
Have you been asked? |
Had you been asked? |
Will you have been asked? |
|
He |
Has he been asked? |
Had he been asked? |
Will he have been asked? |
|
She |
Has she been asked? |
Had she been asked? |
Will she have been asked? |
|
It |
Has it been asked? |
Had it been asked? |
Will it have been asked? |
|
Множина |
We |
Have we been asked? |
Had we been asked? |
Will we have been asked? |
Plural |
You |
Have you been asked? |
Had you been asked? |
Will you have been asked? |
They |
Have they been asked? |
Had they been asked? |
Will they have been asked? |
Конструкції і дієсловом у пасивному стані
It is said that...— Кажуть, що...
It is said that Henry' is in love with Claire. — Кажуть, що Генрі закоханий у Клер.
Конструкція it + дієслово у пасивному стані + додаткове підрядне речення вживається у тому випадку, коли невідомо, хто саме повідомляє про подію, що трапилася. Такі конструкції вживаються, наприклад, у випусках новин:
U is thought that the company is planning a new advertising campaign. — Вважають, що компанія планує нову рекламну кампанію.
It was reported that the President had suffered a heart attack. — Доповідали, що президент зазнав серцевого нападу.
It has been agreed that changes to the scheme are necessary. — Було домовлено про те, що необхідні зміни до схеми.
У цій конструкції також вживаються дієслова: agree (домовлятися), allege (посилатися), announce (оголошувати), assure (запевняти), believe (вважати), consider (розглядати), decide (вирішувати), expect (очікувати), explain (очікувати), hope (сподіватися), know (знати), report (доповідати), say (говорити), suggest (пропонувати), suppose (вважати), think (думати, вважати), understand (розуміти)
Не is said to ...— Кажуть, що він...
В англійській мові також використовується конструкція підмет + дієслово у пасивному стані + to- infinitive.
Dynamo were expected to win. — Чекали, що «Динамо» виграє.
The company is thought to be planning a new advertising campaign. — Вважають, що компанія планує нову рекламну кампанію. (Хтось вважає, що вона планує нову рекламну кампанію.)
В цій конструкції вживаються дієслова: believe (вірити, вважати), expect (чекати), find (вважати), know (знати), report (доповідати), say (казати), think (думати, вважати), understand (розуміти).
Переклад дієслів у зворотах
«підмет + дієслово у пасивному етапі + to-infinitive"
to say |
is said, was said |
кажуть, казали |
To know |
is known, was known |
відомо |
to report |
is reported, was reported |
повідомляють, повідомили |
to suppose |
is supposed, was supposed |
гадають, гадали |
to expect |
is expected, was expected |
припускають, очікували |
to consider |
is considered, was considered |
вважають, вважали |
to assume |
is assumed, was assumed |
припускають, припускали |
loth ink |
is thought, was thought |
думають, думали |
to believe |
is believed, was believed |
вважають, вважали |
1. Make the following interrogative and negative.
1. All pupils are supplied with textbooks. 2. America was discovered by Columbus. 3. The floor was painted last summer. 4. The shop will be closed at 8 o’clock. 5. The sick man is being operated on. 6. The room is being cleaned now. 7. This metro line was being built at that time. 8. This novel has been translated into Ukrainian. 9. A new cinema has been built in our town. 10. The tickets had been sold out by that time.
2. Change the following into the Passive Voice. Leave out the subject of action.
A. They grow wheat here. — Wheat is grown here.
1. The girls water the flowers every day. 2. They publish this magazine in Moscow. 3. We do not discuss such questions when we meet. 4. Somebody built this castle in the 16th century. 5. They did not show this film last week .6. They will not finish this work tomorrow. 7. We shall invite him. 8. The workers are repairing the roads. 9. They were showing the film from 7 till 8. 10. She has locked the door. 11. Someone has broken my pencil. 12. I have posted the letter. 13. They had written the composition before the bell rang. 14. The traveller made camp not far from the village.
B. The teacher gave him a pen. — He was given a pen.
1. They showed us the monuments of Lviv. 2. She offered me a cup of tea. 3. They promised her an interesting job. 4. They gave an actress a bunch of flowers. 5. He showed me the way to the station.6. They offered us two tickets.
C. Everyone looked at the girl. — The girl was looked at.
1. We sent for the doctor. 2. The children laughed at the little boy. 3. They look after the children. 4. The students listened to the professor. 5. People speak about this film very much .6. The boys made fun of him. 7. They speak to her.
D. He can repair the engine. — The engine can be repaired by him.
1. We can open the window. 2. He may invent this story. 3. The girl may loose her book. 4. The pupils could repeat these words. 5. They must forget this day.
3. Turn the following into Passive Voice without leaving out the subject of the action.
Popov invented the radio. — The radio was invented by Popov.
1. My sister teaches me English. 2. Peter drives the car. 3. Mary has lost her key. 4. Ivanov will meet the delegation. 5. The teacher has checked our dictations.6. Our music teacher was conducting the opera.
4. Make the following Active
Many mistakes were made by the pupils in the last dictation. — The pupils made many mistakes in the last dictation.
1. The story was written by a well-known writer. 2. The house will be built by the workers in 3 month. 3. At the zoo animals are fed twice a day. 4. The magazine has been read by all the pupils of our class. 5. We were frightened by a stranger. 6. This book was left (by somebody). 7. That present has been made by my brother. 8. She was shown the shortest way. 9. By the time the teacher came, the exercise had been done. 10. They went home after work had been finished.
5. Use correct form of the Passive Voice.
1. I’m not wearing my black shoes today. They (mend). 2. This copy (not read). The pages (not cut). 3. Why the car (not lock) or (put) into the garage? 4. He was taken to hospital this afternoon, and (operate on) tomorrow morning. 5. Thousands of new houses (build) every year. 6. When I saw (he car, it (drive) at over fifty miles an hour. 7. This room (not use) for ages. 8. Dictionaries may not (use) at the examination.
Виконайте тест
Під час роботи над тестом не можна користуватися будь-якими підручниками, посібниками, словниками тощо.
TEST
Choose А, В, С or D to fill in the blanks in the sentences below.
1 You mustn’t blame me ________ what happened yesterday.
A for
В of
C in
D with
2 Obviously this food ________ at the nearest supermarket.
A buys
В bought
C was buying
D was bought
3 I don’t like ________ when I’m delivering a speech.
A to interrupt
B to be interrupting
C to be interrupted
D will be interrupted
4 The report ________ on the latest data.
A is based
B base
C is basing
D has based
5 I didn’t expect you to object ________ our plan.
A against
B with
C on
D to
6 I would be very grateful if you ________ me a favour.
A do
B make
C will do
D will make
7 No side effects ________ before.
A have been observed
B had been observed
C were observed
D were observing
8 This hypothesis is sure ________ by other scientists.
A to reject
B to be rejected
C to have rejected
D to be rejecting
9 When he finally arrived, he ________ by all his relatives and friends.
A was waiting
B was being waited
C was waited for
D was being waited for
10 The children were too lazy ________ doing the room in their mother’s absence.
A for
B about
C with
D to
11 I’ve got enough time ________ the shopping now.
A to do
B to make
C do
D make
12 The film ________ by the end of November.
A is shot
B was shot
C will be shot
D will have been shot