SECTION I. GRAMMAR

Unit 10. PASSIVE VOICE (ПАСИВНИЙ СТАН)

Час Tense Вид Aspect	Теперішній Present	Минулий Past	Майбутній Future
Indefinite (Simple)	am is + 3 are	was + 3 were	shall + be + 3 will
	am is + asked are	was + asked were	shall + be asked will
Continuous (Progressive)	am is + being + 3 are	was + being + 3 were	shall + be -ing will
	am is + being asked are	was asked + being were	shall + be asking will
Perfect	have been + 3 has been	had been + 3	shall + have been 3 will
	have been + asked has been	had been asked	shall + have been asked will

Нa прикладі дієслова ask (запитати).

1) Неозначений вид, стверджувальні речення (Simple aspect, affirmative sentences).

Однина	Особа	Теперішній	Минулий	Майбутній
Singular	Person	Present Simple	Past Simple	Future Simple
	I	I am asked	I was asked	I shall/will be asked
	Yon	You are asked	You were asked	You will be asked
	He	He is asked	He was asked	He will be asked
	She	She is asked	She was asked	She was asked
	It	It is asked	It was asked	It was asked
Множина	We	We are asked	We were asked	We will be asked
Plural	Yon	You are asked	You were asked	You will be asked
	They	They are asked	They were asked	They will be asked

2) Неозначений вид, заперечувальні речення (Simple aspect, negative sentences).

Однина Singular	Особа Person	Теперішній Present Simple	Минулий Past Simple	Майбутній Future Simple
	I	lam not asked	I was not asked	I shall/will not be asked
	You	You are not asked	You were not asked	You will not be asked
	He	He is not asked	He was not asked	He will not be asked
	She	She is not asked	She was not asked	She was not asked
	It	It is not asked	It was not asked	It was not asked
Множина	We	We are not asked	We were not asked	We will not be asked
Plural	You	You are not asked	You were not asked	You will not be asked
	They	They are not asked	They were not asked	They will not be asked

3) Неозначений вид, питальні речення (Simple aspect, interrogative sentences).

Однина	Особа	Теперішній	Минулий	Майбутній
Singular	Person	Present Simple	Past Simple	Future Simple
	I	Am I asked?	Was I asked?	Shall I be asked?
	You	Are you asked?	Were you asked?	Will you be asked?
	He	Is he asked?	Was he asked?	Will he be asked?
	She	Is she asked?	Was she asked?	Will she be asked?
	It	Is it asked?	Was it asked?	Will it be asked?
Plural	We	Are we asked?	Were we asked?	Will we be asked?
(множина)	You	Are you asked?	Were you asked?	Will you be asked?
	They	Are they asked?	Were they asked?	Will they be asked?

4) Подовжений вид стверджувальні речення (Continuous aspect, affirmative sentences).

Однина	Особа	Теперішній подовжений	Минулий подовжений
Singular	Person	Present Continuous	Past Continuous
	I	lam being asked	I was being asked
	You	You are being asked	You were being asked
	He	He is being asked	He was being asked
	She	She is being asked	She was being asked
	It	It is being asked	It was being asked
Plural	We	We are being asked	We were being asked
(множина)	You	You are being asked	You were being asked
	They	They are being asked	They were being asked

5) Подовжений вид, заперечували! і речення (Continuous aspect, negative sentences).

Однина	Особа	Теперішній подовжений	Минулий подовжений
Singular	Person	Present Continuous	Past Continuous
	I	lam not being asked	I was not being asked
	You	You are not being asked	You were not being asked
	He	He is not being asked	He was not being asked
	She	She is not being asked	She was not being asked
	It	It is not being asked	It was not being asked
Множина	He	We are not being asked	We were not being asked
Plural	You	You are not being asked	You were not being asked
	They	They are not being asked	They were not being asked

6) Подовжений вид, питальні речення (Continuous aspect, interrogative sentences).

Однина	Особа Person	Теперішній подовжений	Минулий подовжений
Singular		Present Continuous	Past Continuous
	I	Am I being asked?	Was I being asked?
	You	Are you being asked?	Were you being asked?
	He	Is he being asked?	Was he being asked?
	She	Is she being asked?	Was she being asked?
	It	Is it being asked?	Was it being asked?
Plural	We	Are we being asked?	Were we being asked?
(множина)	You	Are you being asked?	Were you being asked?
	They	Are they being asked?	Were they being asked?

7) Перфектний вид, стверджувальні речення (Perfect aspect, affirmative sentences).

Однина Singular	Особа Person	Теперішній перфектний Present Perfect	Минулий перфектний Past Perfect	Майбутній перфектний Future Perfect
	I	I have been asked	I had been asked	I shall/will have been asked
	You	You	You had been asked	You will have been asked
	He	He has been asked	He had been asked	He will have been asked
	She	She has been asked	She had been asked	She will have been asked
	It	It has been asked	It had been asked	It will have been asked
Plural	We	We have been asked	We had been asked	We shall/will have been asked
(множина)	You	You have been asked	You had been asked	You will have been asked
	They	They have been asked	They had been asked	They will have been asked

8) Перфектний вид, заперечували» речення (Perfect aspect, negative sentences).

Однина Singular	Особа Person	Теперішній нерфектний Present Perfect	Минулий перфектний Past Perfect	Майбутній перфектний Future Perfect
	I	I have not been asked	I had not been asked	I shall/will not have been asked
	You	You have not been asked	You had not been asked	You will not have been asked
	lie	He has not been asked	He had not been asked	He will not have been asked
	She	She has not been asked	She had not been asked	She will not have been asked
	It	It has not been asked	It had not been asked	It will not have been asked
Множина Plural	We	We have not been asked	We had not been asked	We shall/will not have been asked
	You	You have not been asked	You had not been asked	You will not have been asked
	They	They have not been asked	They had not been asked	They will not have been asked

9) Перфектний вид, питальні речення (Perfect aspect, interrogative sentences).

Однина Singular	Особа Person	Теперішній перфектний Present Perfect	Минулий перфектний Past Perfect	Майбутній перфектний Future Perfect
	I	Have I been asked?	Had I been asked?	Shall I have been asked?
	You	Have you been asked?	Had you been asked?	Will you have been asked?
	He	Has he been asked?	Had he been asked?	Will he have been asked?
	She	Has she been asked?	Had she been asked?	Will she have been asked?
	It	Has it been asked?	Had it been asked?	Will it have been asked?
Множина	We	Have we been asked?	Had we been asked?	Will we have been asked?
Plural	You	Have you been asked?	Had you been asked?	Will you have been asked?
	They	Have they been asked?	Had they been asked?	Will they have been asked?

Конструкції і дієсловом у пасивному стані

It is said that...— Кажуть, що...

It is said that Henry' is in love with Claire. — Кажуть, що Генрі закоханий у Клер.

Конструкція it + дієслово у пасивному стані + додаткове підрядне речення вживається у тому випадку, коли невідомо, хто саме повідомляє про подію, що трапилася. Такі конструкції вживаються, наприклад, у випусках новин:

U is thought that the company is planning a new advertising campaign. — Вважають, що компанія планує нову рекламну кампанію.

It was reported that the President had suffered a heart attack. — Доповідали, що президент зазнав серцевого нападу.

It has been agreed that changes to the scheme are necessary. — Було домовлено про те, що необхідні зміни до схеми.

У цій конструкції також вживаються дієслова: agree (домовлятися), allege (посилатися), announce (оголошувати), assure (запевняти), believe (вважати), consider (розглядати), decide (вирішувати), expect (очікувати), explain (очікувати), hope (сподіватися), know (знати), report (доповідати), say (говорити), suggest (пропонувати), suppose (вважати), think (думати, вважати), understand (розуміти)

Не is said to ...— Кажуть, що він...

В англійській мові також використовується конструкція підмет + дієслово у пасивному стані + to- infinitive.

Dynamo were expected to win. — Чекали, що “Динамо” виграє.

The company is thought to be planning a new advertising campaign. — Вважають, що компанія планує нову рекламну кампанію. (Хтось вважає, що вона планує нову рекламну кампанію.)

В цій конструкції вживаються дієслова: believe (вірити, вважати), expect (чекати), find (вважати), know (знати), report (доповідати), say (казати), think (думати, вважати), understand (розуміти).

Переклад дієслів у зворотах

“підмет + дієслово у пасивному етапі + to-infinitive"

to say	is said, was said	кажуть, казали
To know	is known, was known	відомо
to report	is reported, was reported	повідомляють, повідомили
to suppose	is supposed, was supposed	гадають, гадали
to expect	is expected, was expected	припускають, очікували
to consider	is considered, was considered	вважають, вважали
to assume	is assumed, was assumed	припускають, припускали
loth ink	is thought, was thought	думають, думали
to believe	is believed, was believed	вважають, вважали

1. Make the following interrogative and negative.

1. All pupils are supplied with textbooks. 2. America was discovered by Columbus. 3. The floor was painted last summer. 4. The shop will be closed at 8 o’clock. 5. The sick man is being operated on. 6. The room is being cleaned now. 7. This metro line was being built at that time. 8. This novel has been translated into Ukrainian. 9. A new cinema has been built in our town. 10. The tickets had been sold out by that time.

2. Change the following into the Passive Voice. Leave out the subject of action.

A. They grow wheat here. — Wheat is grown here.

1. The girls water the flowers every day. 2. They publish this magazine in Moscow. 3. We do not discuss such questions when we meet. 4. Somebody built this castle in the 16th century. 5. They did not show this film last week .6. They will not finish this work tomorrow. 7. We shall invite him. 8. The workers are repairing the roads. 9. They were showing the film from 7 till 8. 10. She has locked the door. 11. Someone has broken my pencil. 12. I have posted the letter. 13. They had written the composition before the bell rang. 14. The traveller made camp not far from the village.

B. The teacher gave him a pen. — He was given a pen.

1. They showed us the monuments of Lviv. 2. She offered me a cup of tea. 3. They promised her an interesting job. 4. They gave an actress a bunch of flowers. 5. He showed me the way to the station.6. They offered us two tickets.

C. Everyone looked at the girl. — The girl was looked at.

1. We sent for the doctor. 2. The children laughed at the little boy. 3. They look after the children. 4. The students listened to the professor. 5. People speak about this film very much .6. The boys made fun of him. 7. They speak to her.

D. He can repair the engine. — The engine can be repaired by him.

1. We can open the window. 2. He may invent this story. 3. The girl may loose her book. 4. The pupils could repeat these words. 5. They must forget this day.

3. Turn the following into Passive Voice without leaving out the subject of the action.

Popov invented the radio. — The radio was invented by Popov.

1. My sister teaches me English. 2. Peter drives the car. 3. Mary has lost her key. 4. Ivanov will meet the delegation. 5. The teacher has checked our dictations.6. Our music teacher was conducting the opera.

4. Make the following Active

Many mistakes were made by the pupils in the last dictation. — The pupils made many mistakes in the last dictation.

1. The story was written by a well-known writer. 2. The house will be built by the workers in 3 month. 3. At the zoo animals are fed twice a day. 4. The magazine has been read by all the pupils of our class. 5. We were frightened by a stranger. 6. This book was left (by somebody). 7. That present has been made by my brother. 8. She was shown the shortest way. 9. By the time the teacher came, the exercise had been done. 10. They went home after work had been finished.

5. Use correct form of the Passive Voice.

1. I’m not wearing my black shoes today. They (mend). 2. This copy (not read). The pages (not cut). 3. Why the car (not lock) or (put) into the garage? 4. He was taken to hospital this afternoon, and (operate on) tomorrow morning. 5. Thousands of new houses (build) every year. 6. When I saw (he car, it (drive) at over fifty miles an hour. 7. This room (not use) for ages. 8. Dictionaries may not (use) at the examination.

Виконайте тест

Під час роботи над тестом не можна користуватися будь-якими підручниками, посібниками, словниками тощо.

TEST

Choose А, В, С or D to fill in the blanks in the sentences below.

1 You mustn’t blame me ________ what happened yesterday.

A for     

В of

C in       

D with

2 Obviously this food ________ at the nearest supermarket.

A buys  

В bought 

C was buying

D was bought

3 I don’t like ________ when I’m delivering a speech.

A to interrupt

B to be interrupting

C to be interrupted

D will be interrupted

4 The report ________ on the latest data.

A is based

B base

C is basing

D has based

5 I didn’t expect you to object ________ our plan.

A against     

B with

C on            

D to

6 I would be very grateful if you ________ me a favour.

A do            

B make

C will do       

D will make

7 No side effects ________ before.

A have been observed

B had been observed

C were observed

D were observing

8 This hypothesis is sure ________ by other scientists.

A to reject

B to be rejected

C to have rejected

D to be rejecting

9 When he finally arrived, he ________ by all his relatives and friends.

A was waiting      

B was being waited

C was waited for  

D was being waited for

10 The children were too lazy ________ doing the room in their mother’s absence.

A for         

B about

C with       

D to

11 I’ve got enough time ________ the shopping now.

A to do

B to make

C do

D make

12 The film ________ by the end of November.

A is shot

B was shot

C will be shot

D will have been shot