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SECTION I. GRAMMAR

Unit 10. PASSIVE VOICE (ПАСИВНИЙ СТАН)

Нa прикладі дієслова ask (запитати).

1) Неозначений вид, стверджувальні речення (Simple aspect, affirmative sentences).

2) Неозначений вид, заперечувальні речення (Simple aspect, negative sentences).

3) Неозначений вид, питальні речення (Simple aspect, interrogative sentences).

4) Подовжений вид стверджувальні речення (Continuous aspect, affirmative sentences).

5) Подовжений вид, заперечували! і речення (Continuous aspect, negative sentences).

6) Подовжений вид, питальні речення (Continuous aspect, interrogative sentences).

7) Перфектний вид, стверджувальні речення (Perfect aspect, affirmative sentences).

8) Перфектний вид, заперечували» речення (Perfect aspect, negative sentences).

9) Перфектний вид, питальні речення (Perfect aspect, interrogative sentences).

Конструкції і дієсловом у пасивному стані

It is said that...— Кажуть, що...

It is said that Henry' is in love with Claire. — Кажуть, що Генрі закоханий у Клер.

Конструкція it + дієслово у пасивному стані + додаткове підрядне речення вживається у тому випадку, коли невідомо, хто саме повідомляє про подію, що трапилася. Такі конструкції вживаються, наприклад, у випусках новин:

U is thought that the company is planning a new advertising campaign. — Вважають, що компанія планує нову рекламну кампанію.

It was reported that the President had suffered a heart attack. — Доповідали, що президент зазнав серцевого нападу.

It has been agreed that changes to the scheme are necessary. — Було домовлено про те, що необхідні зміни до схеми.

У цій конструкції також вживаються дієслова: agree (домовлятися), allege (посилатися), announce (оголошувати), assure (запевняти), believe (вважати), consider (розглядати), decide (вирішувати), expect (очікувати), explain (очікувати), hope (сподіватися), know (знати), report (доповідати), say (говорити), suggest (пропонувати), suppose (вважати), think (думати, вважати), understand (розуміти)

Не is said to ...— Кажуть, що він...

В англійській мові також використовується конструкція підмет + дієслово у пасивному стані + to- infinitive.

Dynamo were expected to win. — Чекали, що «Динамо» виграє.

The company is thought to be planning a new advertising campaign. — Вважають, що компанія планує нову рекламну кампанію. (Хтось вважає, що вона планує нову рекламну кампанію.)

В цій конструкції вживаються дієслова: believe (вірити, вважати), expect (чекати), find (вважати), know (знати), report (доповідати), say (казати), think (думати, вважати), understand (розуміти).

Переклад дієслів у зворотах

«підмет + дієслово у пасивному етапі + to-infinitive"

1. Make the following interrogative and negative.

1. All pupils are supplied with textbooks. 2. America was discovered by Columbus. 3. The floor was painted last summer. 4. The shop will be closed at 8 o’clock. 5. The sick man is being operated on. 6. The room is being cleaned now. 7. This metro line was being built at that time. 8. This novel has been translated into Ukrainian. 9. A new cinema has been built in our town. 10. The tickets had been sold out by that time.

2. Change the following into the Passive Voice. Leave out the subject of action.

A. They grow wheat here. — Wheat is grown here.

1. The girls water the flowers every day. 2. They publish this magazine in Moscow. 3. We do not discuss such questions when we meet. 4. Somebody built this castle in the 16th century. 5. They did not show this film last week .6. They will not finish this work tomorrow. 7. We shall invite him. 8. The workers are repairing the roads. 9. They were showing the film from 7 till 8. 10. She has locked the door. 11. Someone has broken my pencil. 12. I have posted the letter. 13. They had written the composition before the bell rang. 14. The traveller made camp not far from the village.

B. The teacher gave him a pen. — He was given a pen.

1. They showed us the monuments of Lviv. 2. She offered me a cup of tea. 3. They promised her an interesting job. 4. They gave an actress a bunch of flowers. 5. He showed me the way to the station.6. They offered us two tickets.

C. Everyone looked at the girl. — The girl was looked at.

1. We sent for the doctor. 2. The children laughed at the little boy. 3. They look after the children. 4. The students listened to the professor. 5. People speak about this film very much .6. The boys made fun of him. 7. They speak to her.

D. He can repair the engine. — The engine can be repaired by him.

1. We can open the window. 2. He may invent this story. 3. The girl may loose her book. 4. The pupils could repeat these words. 5. They must forget this day.

3. Turn the following into Passive Voice without leaving out the subject of the action.

Popov invented the radio. — The radio was invented by Popov.

1. My sister teaches me English. 2. Peter drives the car. 3. Mary has lost her key. 4. Ivanov will meet the delegation. 5. The teacher has checked our dictations.6. Our music teacher was conducting the opera.

4. Make the following Active

Many mistakes were made by the pupils in the last dictation. — The pupils made many mistakes in the last dictation.

1. The story was written by a well-known writer. 2. The house will be built by the workers in 3 month. 3. At the zoo animals are fed twice a day. 4. The magazine has been read by all the pupils of our class. 5. We were frightened by a stranger. 6. This book was left (by somebody). 7. That present has been made by my brother. 8. She was shown the shortest way. 9. By the time the teacher came, the exercise had been done. 10. They went home after work had been finished.

5. Use correct form of the Passive Voice.

1. I’m not wearing my black shoes today. They (mend). 2. This copy (not read). The pages (not cut). 3. Why the car (not lock) or (put) into the garage? 4. He was taken to hospital this afternoon, and (operate on) tomorrow morning. 5. Thousands of new houses (build) every year. 6. When I saw (he car, it (drive) at over fifty miles an hour. 7. This room (not use) for ages. 8. Dictionaries may not (use) at the examination.

Виконайте тест

Під час роботи над тестом не можна користуватися будь-якими підручниками, посібниками, словниками тощо.

TEST

Choose А, В, С or D to fill in the blanks in the sentences below.

1 You mustn’t blame me ________ what happened yesterday.

A for

В of

C in

D with

2 Obviously this food ________ at the nearest supermarket.

A buys

В bought

C was buying

D was bought

3 I don’t like ________ when I’m delivering a speech.

A to interrupt

B to be interrupting

C to be interrupted

D will be interrupted

4 The report ________ on the latest data.

A is based

B base

C is basing

D has based

5 I didn’t expect you to object ________ our plan.

A against

B with

C on

D to

6 I would be very grateful if you ________ me a favour.

A do

B make

C will do

D will make

7 No side effects ________ before.

A have been observed

B had been observed

C were observed

D were observing

8 This hypothesis is sure ________ by other scientists.

A to reject

B to be rejected

C to have rejected

D to be rejecting

9 When he finally arrived, he ________ by all his relatives and friends.

A was waiting

B was being waited

C was waited for

D was being waited for

10 The children were too lazy ________ doing the room in their mother’s absence.

A for

B about

C with

D to

11 I’ve got enough time ________ the shopping now.

A to do

B to make

C do

D make

12 The film ________ by the end of November.

A is shot

B was shot

C will be shot

D will have been shot

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