UNIT 5. IT’S YOUR PLANET!

LESSON 57. WRITING ESSAYS

Цілі: формувати навички письма; вдосконалювати навички усного мовлення, читання; розвивати культуру спілкування й мовленнєву реакцію учнів; виховувати зацікавленість у розширенні своїх знань.

Procedure

1.Warm-up

Name the types of writing you know.

2. Speaking

Discuss the following questions.

1) Does the environment belong principally to the human race?

2) Do your consumption habits destroy the habitats of other species?

3) Do you think that developers should be permitted to build big hotels and tourist complexes in the most beautiful places in your country?

4) Should the private motorist be made to pay more heavily through higher road tax, petrol prices, parking fees and motorway tolls?

5) Should cars be banned from city, town and village centres?

6) Are you for or against nuclear power?

7) Does your country need stricter laws to punish noisy neighbours or discos which play loud music late at night?

8) Are your country’s seas, rivers and / or lakes clean to swim in?

9) What government and private campaigns are there in your country to protect and improve the environment? Are these campaigns motivated by concern for the lives and habitats of species other than our own?

3. Reading

Do ex. 1, p. 155.

4. Speaking

Do ex. 2, 3, p. 155.

5. Speaking and writing

Do ex. 4, p. 156.

6. Reading

Do ex. 5, 6, p. 157.

7. Reading and speaking

Do ex. 7, p. 158.

8. Summary

What are five ways that every person can help the environment, starting now?

9. Homework

Do ex. 8, p. 160.

Use the following list of environmental issues for your ideas.

Climate change — Global warming • Global dimming • Fossil fuels • Sea level rise • Greenhouse gas • Ocean acidification • Shutdown of thermohaline circulation • Environmental impact of the coal industry • Urban Heat Islands

Conservation — Species extinction • Pollinator decline • Coral bleaching • Holocene extinction • Invasive species • Poaching • Endangered species

Energy — Energy conservation • Renewable energy • Efficient energy use • Renewable energy commercialization • Environmental impact of the coal industry

Environmental degradation — Eutrophication • Habitat destruction • Invasive species

Environmental health — Air quality • Asthma • Environmental impact of the coal industry • Electromagnetic fields • Electromagnetic radiation and health • Indoor air quality • Lead poisoning • Sick Building Syndrome

Genetic engineering — Genetic pollution • Genetically modified food controversies

Intensive farming — Overgrazing • Irrigation • Monoculture • Environmental effects of meat production • Slash and burn • Pesticide drift • Plasticulture

Land degradation — Land pollution • Desertification Soil — Soil conservation • Soil erosion • Soil contamination • Soil salination

Land use — Urban sprawl • Habitat fragmentation • Habitat destruction

Nanotechnology — Nanotoxicology • Nanopollution Nuclear issues — Nuclear fallout • Nuclear meltdown • Nuclear power • Nuclear weapons • Nuclear and radiation accidents • Nuclear safety • High-level radioactive waste management.

Overpopulation — Burial • Water crisis • Overpopulation in companion animals • Tragedy of the commons • Gender Imbalance in Developing Countries • Sub-replacement fertility levels in developed countries Ozone depletion — CFC • Biological effects of UV exposure Pollution — Environmental impact of the coal industry • Nonpoint source pollution • Point source pollution • Light pollution • Noise pollution • Visual pollution

Water pollution — Environmental impact of the coal industry • Acid rain • Eutrophication • Marine pollution • Ocean dumping • Oil spills • Thermal pollution • Urban runoff • Water crisis • Marine debris • Microplastics • Ocean acidification • Ship pollution • Wastewater • Fish kill • Algal bloom • Mercury in fish

Air pollution — Environmental impact of the coal industry • Smog • Tropospheric ozone • Indoor air quality • Volatile organic compound • Particulate matter

Reservoirs — Environmental impacts of reservoirs Resource depletion — Exploitation of natural resources • Overdrafting

Consumerism — Consumer capitalism • Planned obsolescence • Overconsumption

Fishing — Blast fishing • Bottom trawling • Cyanide fishing • Ghost nets • Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing • Overfishing • Shark finning • Whaling

Logging — Clearcutting • Deforestation • Illegal logging Mining — Acid mine drainage • Hydraulic fracturing • Mountaintop removal mining • Slurry impoundments

Toxins — Chlorofluorocarbons • DDT • Endocrine disruptors • Dioxin • Toxic heavy metals • Environmental impact of the coal industry • Herbicides • Pesticides • Toxic waste • PCB • Bioaccumulation • Biomagnification

Waste — Electronic waste • Litter • Waste disposal incidents • Marine debris • Medical waste • Landfill • Leachate • Environmental impact of the coal industry • Incineration • Great Pacific Garbage Patch • Exporting of hazardous waste